Final Review

1.
Paul Blofis, a baker of forty years, poses with his scotch pies after winning first place in the World Pie Championship in December of 2015. Blofis used his winnings to open a second bakery where  half of profit will be donated to charity and the local homeless.

Charles Beckendorf, the adopted son of two avid marathon runners, kisses the ground after winning first place in the New York City Marathon, a tearful moment for the running enthusiast. Beckendorf's adopted parents died in the Boston Marathon Bombing and this is the first marathon Beckendorf has completed after their passing.





2.

1. Rule of Thirds: placing the subject in a corner of the photograph, instead of the center
2. Balancing Elements: when an equal weight is placed on either side of a given point
3. Leading Lines: when linear or curved elements lead the eye to the subject
4. Repetition: when a type of element is repeated throughout the image
5. Viewpoint: when a subject is photographed from a different perspective to create a unique feeling
6. Background: when the background doesn't distract from the subject and allows the subject to stand out
7. Create Depth: when the subject and its background create a 3-d effect
8. Framing: When the foreground or background create a frame around the subject 
9. Cropping: when parts of the edges are cut out of the photo
10. Mergers: when two things appear to be the same thing but actually aren't

3.

Aperture: How big the opening in the lens is

Shutter Speed: How fast the opening opens and closes

ISO: How sensitive the camera is to light

4. 

Manipulating images is almost never ethical, acceptable only when all parties agree to the manipulation and when it doesn't mislead the public. 

5.

Environmental Portraits:when the background shows personality of the subject

Self Portrait: when the photographer takes their own portrait

Casual: when the photographer takes the picture when the subject is interacting with their surroundings 

6.

Exposure: the amount of light in the image that was not part of the environment

Depth of Field: which part of the image is in focus

Focal Length: the distance between the lens and image sensor when the subject is in focus

7. 

Early Covers: Looks very similar to the book, usually a hand drawn image and a title and publisher

Poster Covers: When the cover is an interesting and captivating picture

Married to Type: when the type's placement is dictated by the picture, not a lot of type

Forest of Words: when the type dominates the cover and the picture isn't quite as important. 

Magazine Cover Images

Portrait and Self Portrait

Portrait

Self Portrait

Fashion

1. 

• Longer neck
• Moved hair
• Eyes moved
• Make neck skinnier
• Lips bigger
• Eyes bigger
• Make up fixed
• Face shape changed

2. 

• Make up fixed
• Lips emphasized
• Nose changed
• Eyes bigger
• eye make up fixed
• shoulder moved
• Skin color changed
• stomach erased
• legs made longer
• legs made slimmer
• Longer arms
• Longer neck
• face shape changed
• Hair color lightened
• skin color changed
• back made skinnier

3. 

• backside made skinnier
• legs made skinnier
• arms made skinnier
• chest slightly smaller
• outline of figure changed
• stomach erased
• legs made skinnier
• chest enlarged
• back made skinnier
• legs made skinnier
• backside made skinnier 
• backside enlarged slightly
• elbow made skinnier
• creases in skin erased
• chest size changed
• stomach made smaller
• back made thinner
• outline made skinnier
• legs made skinnier
• backside enlarged slightly
• back made skinnier
• chest enlarged
• head size changed
• backside moved
• more hair added
• stomach made smaller
• elbow color changed
• hair made bigger
• hand changed

4. It is not ethically acceptable to change a person's appearance like this because this is not their body and it says that their body is not acceptable and needs to be changed. 

5. It is more ethically wrong when the image is changed so much that the new "person" can't resemble an actual human being.

6. The very few changes that are okay are the ones that have been approved by the subject and are almost unnoticeable and are extremely minor.

7. The difference between fashion photography and photojournalism is that photojournalism shows people how they are and how they look, while fashion photography is about showcasing bodies that are socially perceived as perfect and don't resemble the actual subject.

8. Fashion photography's relation to reality is slim to none, fashion photography has almost no ethical practice because it doesn't show reality. Photojournalism type photography's relation to reality is major, and photojournalism is ethically acceptable because it shows reality no matter what.

9. These videos represent the unrealistic expectations of women's bodies and how even the models in the pictures don't look like their pictures. These videos show how society perceives women and their bodies and how society perceives the "perfect" body. These videos are intended to show how unrealistic the photos in the magazines actually are.

10. None of these videos depict photoshopped guys because society perceives men's bodies as acceptable and in need of little changing. Society doesn't perceive men as physically as women, men are judged on both appearance and intellectual capacity on the same level, while women are judged on appearance more than their intellectual capacity. 

Magazines II

Early magazine covers didn't have the eye catching pictures that are vital in today's magazines. These primitive covers only provided the title and publication date. Some magazines didn't even have covers, but the front page had the beginning of the article, and cover lines didn't started appearing until the late 1800's.
Poster covers were popular from the 1890's until the 1940's, however, the posters didn't relate very much to the content of any of the articles, they generally depicted a season or a certain mood. From the 1920's to the 1960's, poster covers were the norm and featured no cover lines. However, a few cover lines were eventually added. Today poster covers remain an option, but not a popular one.
While poster covers were making magazine history, some magazines relied on cover lines to draw in consumers. The magazine published by McClure's in July of 116 shows a "integrated" cover that features both a large picture and many cover lines. This magazine included two kind of cover lines, primary cover lines and secondary cover lines. The secondary set of cover lines contrast with the primary set in both type and color, drawing in more readers. Most of these integrated covers, made sure that the cover lines didn't intrude on the picture.
Today, cover lines are just as important as the poster is to most of the magazines. On some issues, the cover lines draw just as much, or more, attention to themselves as the poster does, creating a sense of curiosity that helps draw in readers. Cover lines now are in the foreground, in front of the picture, while the picture is partially covered by the type. Very few poster covers can be found on newsstands today because they don't draw as much attention to themselves as they used to.